É
possível ter uma ideia aproximada de quanto custará uma obra antes
mesmo que ela tenha projetos ou orçamentos mais detalhados. Para isso,
basta dispor de algumas informações básicas sobre o imóvel que se
pretende construir - padrão de construção, tipo de uso, número de
pavimentos e área total - e comparar com o custo de obras semelhantes já
executadas no passado.
Essa primeira etapa de elaboração do orçamento é baseada, normalmente, em indicadores genéricos. Em obras de edificações, um indicador muito usado é o custo do metro quadrado construído, que permite identificar, em uma conta rápida, qual a faixa de custo de um projeto. Em outras palavras, o responsável pela obra consegue saber, por exemplo, se um prédio residencial popular de dez andares vai lhe custar R$ 2 milhões ou R$ 20 milhões.
Um desses indicadores é o Custo Unitário Básico (CUB), divulgado mensalmente pelos Sindicatos da Indústria da Construção Civil (SindusCon) regionais. Os valores variam de acordo com itens como tipo de uso do imóvel (residencial, comercial, industrial), padrão da construção (popular, médio ou alto padrão) e número de pavimentos.
O Custo Unitário PINI de Edificações (Cupe), produzido mensalmente pelo departamento de Engenharia e Custos da PINI, é outro indicador de referência para esse tipo de estimativa.
Importante
lembrar que esses índices não consideram custos específicos, como
valores de terrenos, fundações especiais, ar-condicionado, impostos e
taxas, etc. Também não estão incluídas a remuneração do construtor e o
lucro do projeto. Tudo isso aparece em uma fase posterior e mais
detalhada do orçamento, caso o projeto tenha sido considerado
economicamente viável.
Fonte: PINIweb
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